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Akho’s Gujarati Chhappa: Satire, Self-Knowledge and Spiritual Pride

Akho, also known as Akha Bhagat, is remembered for Gujarati devotional and philosophical verse, especially the compact form called the chhappa. These short compositions often use sharp observation, irony and everyday examples to question empty ritual and spiritual vanity. Their humour is not simply entertainment: it is a way to expose the distance between professed wisdom and actual conduct. The …

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Poetry of India 54/100: Kunchan Nambiar and the Satirical Energy of Malayalam Thullal

Part 54 of The Poetry Pulse’s 100-part journey through Indian poetry. Kunchan Nambiar is remembered for developing and popularising Ottan Thullal, a Malayalam performance tradition that combines verse, music, movement and satire. His work made literary performance lively and accessible, using humour to expose vanity, hypocrisy and social pretension. The poems are best understood as performance te…

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